El Ni�o's Effects on Agriculture
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A 5 page paper discussing the change of global weather patterns common with the cyclical El Ni�o originating in the Pacific Ocean. It has been said that the farmer is the finest example of compulsive gambler in existence. That El Ni�o events will continue to occur is a given, but prediction and management of them can minimize their negative effects while allowing some producers to take advantage of temporary conditions. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSelNi�o.wps

Europa's Salt Water Ocean
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A 5 page discussion of the data which points to the existence of an ocean on Europa, one of Jupiter's sixteen moons. Detected by the space probe Galileo, such an ocean provides promise of evidence of past life on the planet. Outlines the types of exploration which could be utilized to more fully explore this possibility. Emphasizes the need for such exploration in terms of the potential benefit to man. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPeuropa.wps

Extra-Solar Planets
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A 12 page overview of extra-solar planets, those planets outside our own solar system which orbit around suns other than our Sun. Discusses the history of extra-solar planetary research providing the names and particulars of discoveries. Emphasizes the technological changes which are occurring which allow a constant refinement of astronomical theory regarding planet formation and behavior. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPastExP.wps

Hurricanes: A Description of this Climatic Phenomenon and a Guide for Preparedness
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A 5 page outline of the many considerations which surround hurricanes. Hurricanes present one of the most catastrophic of all natural disasters. Their development and maturation offers a fascinating climatologic study, a study which is intensified when one realizes the damage to life and property which can result with their advent. Climatologists are constantly seeking to better the techniques which they can use to sense the development of these storms and to track their path from their point of origin to landfall. Accurately predicting the course of these storms and providing adequate warning to those in the area of their potential swath is critical to saving both lives and property, as is proper personal and regional preparations for these devastating events. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPhurrc2.wps

Infrared Telescopy
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A 5 page discussion of the design and application of the infrared telescope. Discusses the recent acquisition of our ability to monitor infrared light and the information which can be obtained in so doing. Emphasizes that the infrared telescope, although only introduced in the last four decades, has evolved to be one of the most valuable tools in the astronomer's arsenal. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPtelesc.wps

Is There a Parallel Universe?
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6 pages. A large number of well-noted scientists have substantial proof that parallel universes do indeed exist. This paper delves into this topic and examines why it is indeed possible. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: JGAparun.wps

Mars: Our Future in Space
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A 7 page discussion of the Mars exploration program. Emphasizes the reasons behind our obsession with Mars exploration and traces the revised plans for that exploration which have been fabricated since the loss of two U.S. spacecraft in 1999. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPmarsB_dup.wps

Predicting Tornadoes
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This 5 page paper explains the way that tornadoes can be predicts and the inherent problems in the task. The writer includes descriptions of the Doppler Radar network, the satellite Optical Transient Detector (OTD) as well as the ground spotters. The paper also includes consideration of the difficulties in predicting nondescending tornadoes first observed in 1997. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEtornad.wps