Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution
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A 10 page consideration of the theory of evolution and our current knowledge regarding the origin of life. Outlines Darwin's theories and the natural history information which led to those theories and provides a brief outline of the chemical basis for the origin of life. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPevolut.rtf

Chemistry Of The Halogen Group
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5 pages in length. The halogen group is comprised of astatine, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, all of which are nonmetals and form a portion of the periodic system's seventh primary group. The word halogen, which equates to salt producer, is indicative of myriad sea salt compounds, as well as common table salt in the form of sodium chloride. The collective group of halogens possesses a strong, unpleasant odor and has the capacity to burn right through living body tissue; their capacity to dissolve in water is quite poor. Weight fluctuates quite significantly between and among the gases, with fluorine being the lightest and astatine the heaviest. Their atomic weights reflect fluorine, 18.9984; chlorine, 35.453; bromine, 79.909; iodine, 126.905; and astatine, 210. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLChlogn.wps

Clay
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A 9 page examination of the industrial mineral - clay. Paper explores its chemical and physical properties, origin, and industrial uses. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Clay.wps

Cooking And Chemistry
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Ever watched an egg boil? Ever have an urge to find out what types of chemical processes are occurring as the egg boils? This 5 page paper explores he chemical processes of cooking. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KTcokchm.wps

Defining Osmosis
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This 5 page report discusses and explains the concept of osmosis which is how one element or ingredient of a solution flows through a membrane while other components of a solutuon are shut out and unable to pass through the membrane. In order to determine which membranes allow the flow of which constituents of a solution requires experimentation since not all membranes act the same way. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: BWosmos.rtf

Dental Fillings: History, Types and Uses
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An 8 page discussion of the history of dental fillings. Traces the filling from ancient times to present exploring the various types of materials which were used. Explains that the choice of filling is related to performance but also to availability and cost. Notes that the evolutionary path of fillings is tied as well to the evolutionary paths of other dentistry aspects such as drill evolution and the development of molding techniques and materials. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPdentFi.wps

Drug Chemistry: The Effect of Ionization of Absorption and Excretion
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A 4 page overview of the relation of drug ionization, specifically of whether the drug is a weak acid or a weak base, to its absorption into the body and consequent excretion from the body. Notes a differential absorption and excretion, according to physiological pH, as to where the drug is absorbed and when it is excreted. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPdrugCh.rtf

Early Photography: The Calotype
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(7pp) The base of a calotype negative, rather than the glass or film to which we have become accustomed, was high quality writing paper. The sheet of paper was carefully selected to have a smooth and uniform texture and, wherever possible, to avoid the watermark. It was offered as the chief alternative to the Daguerreotype and was more popular with amateur photographers, artists, and scientists, who used it widely, since the negative could be corrected with pencil. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BBcalotp.doc